28万个开源项目之番外篇
一、工具
1. 数据抓取
最初是打算使用openhub.net的Open API的,他们有不错的API,还在Github上放了一个开源项目。只可惜,他们的API,最多申请5个API Key,每个Key明天的访问请求数量,不能超过1000次。当时我还不知道,其实openhub的数据只有28万多,还以为满打满算,至少得60多天才能全部抓完,顿时心就凉了。
后来有朋友介绍了一个很棒的直接抓取HTML页面,然后做DOM分析的工具,名叫noodle。
接下来,只要抓取: https://www.openhub.net/p?ref=homepage&q=&page={num} 就能够拿到所有项目的概要数据了。
当然,后续的331个项目的明细数据,还是得通过OpenHub的API来抓取。
2. 数据分析
完全是土法上马:sqlite3+numbers+csv+ruby,反正各种手法,什么称手用什么。
3. 数据展示
原本是打算在numbers里想想办法的,后来发现实在太弱。Excel也差不多,只能到网上搜索一些信息图制作的工具,后来找到了几个不错的在线工具,经过一番比较,最后决定用infogr.am来完成。的确非常不错。
二、释疑:项目大小与创建时间的关系
我与@云风 在微博上有一小段讨论,起因还是我之前的一些分析的观点:
- 是否使用Github,越是新的项目越愿意用;越是大的项目越没法用。
- 是否使用Github来管理项目的issue,越是新的项目越愿意用;越是大的项目越没法用。
这个结论,其实在用词上,是有些讲究的:按理说,新与老相对,小与大相对;愿意与不愿意相对,能用与没法用相对,我的两个结论,对仗都不公整。其实,确实故意为之。
于是,云风与我的对话如下: 云风:项目规模和项目历史本身有相关性吧。代码规模越大的项目历史很可能越久。 我:项目的规模,主要还是与项目本身的特性有关。原本就复杂的项目,才可能越长越大。原本就是小项目,也未必就会稳定的逐年增长。 云风:这只能说明小项目可以历史久,不能说明大项目可以历史短啊。很少有新项目一开始就很大啊。代码也是一行行写出来的啊。 我:那就是成长速度不同了。比如OpenStack,一开始就不小。 云风:一开始就不小只能说闭源开发过一段时间,或从别的地方搬迁过来的吧。你能想象不被版本管理工具管理的情况下,首次提交 10 万行以上的代码?看这个 link 提交日志写的 initial fork out of nova。
后来,我也没有再继续这个讨论,但是却一直在思考这个问题:「项目的大小,与项目的创建时间,究竟有大少相关性?」
后来,我将两个数据,做了一个分析:Log(第一次提交代码,至今的天数)/Log(代码行数),大概得到如下一个图:
经过强大的Excel的计算,两个数据的相关系数,大约是0.203的样子,也就是说:大致上有较弱的正相关。
三、开源
目前,我已经将这个分析的相关数据,放在Github上开源了。简单介绍一下:
data.sqlite3.zip 是28万基础数据 projects.sqlite3 是331个项目的详细数据 projects.csv 是我用来做数据分析的大表格
四、名单
331一个开源项目,名单如下:
Name | Homepage |
---|---|
Metasploit Framework | http://www.metasploit.com/framework/ |
NetBSD | http://www.netbsd.org |
GNU C Library | http://www.gnu.org/software/libc/ |
cURL | http://curl.haxx.se/ |
Python programming language | https://www.python.org |
Linux Kernel | http://kernel.org/ |
GNU Emacs | http://www.gnu.org/software/emacs |
gnulib | http://savannah.gnu.org/projects/gnulib/ |
GNU Core Utilities | http://savannah.gnu.org/projects/coreutils/ |
GNU Compiler Collection | http://gcc.gnu.org/ |
Wine | http://www.winehq.org |
Debian | http://www.debian.org/ |
GNU Octave | http://www.octave.org |
Visualization Toolkit | http://www.vtk.org |
pf | http://www.benzedrine.cx/pf.html |
GDB | http://www.gnu.org/software/gdb/ |
GNU binutils | http://www.gnu.org/software/binutils/ |
GHC | http://haskell.org/ghc/ |
Zope | http://zope2.zope.org |
FreeBSD | https://github.com/trueos/trueos |
Perl | http://www.perl.org/ |
GNU LilyPond Music Typesetter | http://lilypond.org/ |
Gnus | http://gnus.org/ |
ikiwiki | https://github.com/schmonz/ikiwiki |
Samba | http://www.samba.org |
PHP | http://php.net |
FreeBSD Ports | http://www.freebsd.org/ports/ |
pkgsrc: The NetBSD Packages Collection | http://www.pkgsrc.org/ |
Mesa | http://www.mesa3d.org/ |
Squid Cache | http://www.squid-cache.org/ |
KDElibs (KDE) | http://www.kde.org/ |
gedit | http://www.gnome.org/projects/gedit/ |
Evolution | http://www.gnome.org/projects/evolution/ |
Kontact | http://kontact.org/ |
KDE PIM | http://pim.kde.org |
Advanced Linux Sound Architecture (ALSA) | http://www.alsa-project.org/ |
Wireshark | http://www.wireshark.org |
OpenSSL | http://www.openssl.org/ |
GIMP | http://www.gimp.org/ |
NetBeans IDE | http://www.netbeans.org |
Koha Library Automation Package | http://www.koha-community.org |
openSUSE Linux | http://www.opensuse.org/ |
Doxygen | http://doxygen.org/ |
libcurl | http://curl.haxx.se/libcurl |
GStreamer | http://github.com/zaheerm/gst-plugins-good |
GNOME | http://www.gnome.org/ |
Insight Toolkit | http://www.itk.org |
zsh | http://zsh.sourceforge.net/ |
Nautilus | https://wiki.gnome.org/Apps/Nautilus |
X.Org | http://www.x.org/wiki/ |
Mozilla Core | http://www.ahrcloud.com |
MariaDB | http://mariadb.org/ |
CMake | http://www.cmake.org |
LibreOffice | http://www.libreoffice.org |
ALT Linux | http://www.altlinux.org |
ParaView | http://www.paraview.org |
GTK+ | http://www.gtk.org/ |
Poedit | http://www.poedit.net/ |
Bugzilla | http://www.bugzilla.org/ |
Enlightenment (window manager) | http://www.enlightenment.org |
FFmpeg | http://www.ffmpeg.org/ |
GLib | http://library.gnome.org/devel/glib/ |
PEAR | http://pear.php.net/ |
Ruby | http://www.ruby-lang.org/ |
GnuCash | http://www.gnucash.org/ |
phpMyAdmin | http://www.phpmyadmin.net/ |
Mono | http://www.mono-project.com |
SWIG | http://www.swig.org |
SWT (Standard Widget Toolkit) | http://www.eclipse.org/swt/ |
Checkstyle | http://checkstyle.sourceforge.net |
Eclipse Java Development Tools (JDT) | http://www.eclipse.org/jdt/ |
Eclipse Platform Project | http://www.eclipse.org/eclipse/platform-ui/ |
Natural Language Toolkit (NLTK) | http://www.nltk.org |
Ekiga | http://ekiga.org/ |
Boost C++ Libraries | http://www.boost.org |
Kate (KDE) | http://kate-editor.org |
Devhelp | http://live.gnome.org/devhelp |
Arch Linux Packages | http://www.archlinux.org |
SPIP | http://www.spip.net |
GNOME Terminal | https://help.gnome.org/users/gnome-terminal/stable/ |
ScummVM | http://www.scummvm.org/ |
Anjuta DevStudio | http://anjuta.org |
BlueZ | http://www.bluez.org/ |
Eye of GNOME | http://www.gnome.org/projects/eog |
Tor | http://www.torproject.org/ |
Fedora Packages | http://fedoraproject.org |
Haiku | http://www.haiku-os.org |
Stellarium | http://stellarium.org/ |
Totem | http://projects.gnome.org/totem/ |
Rhythmbox | http://www.gnome.org/projects/rhythmbox/ |
Gentoo Linux | http://www.gentoo.org/ |
CDT (Eclipse) | http://www.eclipse.org/cdt/ |
JRuby | http://www.jruby.org |
eZ Publish | http://share.ez.no |
VLC media player | http://videolan.org/ |
Equinox | http://www.eclipse.org/equinox/ |
Epiphany | http://www.gnome.org/projects/epiphany/ |
Thunderbird | http://mozilla.org/thunderbird/ |
GeoTools | http://geotools.org |
PyPy | http://pypy.org |
KDE | http://www.kde.org |
apt - Advanced Package Tool | https://wiki.debian.org/Apt |
Moodle | http://git.moodle.org/gw?p=moodle.git |
Calligra Suite | http://www.calligra.org |
QGIS | http://qgis.org/ |
Mozilla Firefox | http://www.firefox.com/ |
coreboot | http://www.coreboot.org/Welcome_to_coreboot |
Tiki Wiki CMS Groupware | http://tiki.org |
Apache Maven 2 | http://github.com/apache/maven-archetype |
Plone | http://plone.org |
Superior Lisp Interaction Mode for Emacs | http://common-lisp.net/project/slime/ |
Kodi | http://kodi.tv |
MythTV | http://www.mythtv.org |
systemd | http://www.freedesktop.org/wiki/Software/systemd |
GeoServer | http://www.geoserver.org |
Groovy | http://groovy.codehaus.org/ |
Blender | http://www.blender.org/ |
MySQL | http://www.mysql.com/ |
iproute2 | http://www.linuxfoundation.org/collaborate/workgroups/networking/iproute2 |
MonoDevelop | http://www.monodevelop.com |
Hibernate | http://www.hibernate.org/subprojects/ogm |
NetworkManager | http://www.gnome.org/projects/NetworkManager/ |
NLog - Advanced .NET Logging | http://nlog-project.org/ |
GParted | http://gparted.org/ |
Seahorse | http://www.gnome.org/projects/seahorse/ |
Glade User Interface Designer | http://glade.gnome.org/ |
Jenkins | http://jenkins-ci.org/ |
IntelliJ IDEA Community Edition | http://www.jetbrains.org |
Ruby on Rails | http://rubyonrails.org |
BusyBox | http://busybox.net/ |
Evince | http://projects.gnome.org/evince/ |
DokuWiki | http://www.dokuwiki.org/ |
Linux NTFS file system support | http://www.linux-ntfs.org/ |
KVM | http://kvm.qumranet.com/kvmwiki |
Battle for Wesnoth | http://wesnoth.org/ |
Git | http://git-scm.com/ |
SPIP-Zone | http://zone.spip.org/trac/spip-zone/ |
Mercurial | http://mercurial.selenic.com/ |
Hibernate Entity Manager | http://entitymanager.hibernate.org/ |
Racket | http://racket-lang.org/ |
RubyGems | http://rubygems.org |
SQLAlchemy | http://www.sqlalchemy.org/ |
cabal | http://haskell.org/cabal/ |
U-Boot | http://www.denx.de/wiki/U-Boot/WebHome |
WebKit | http://webkit.org |
OpenEmbedded | http://openembedded.org |
Yocto Project | http://www.yoctoproject.org |
matplotlib | http://matplotlib.org/ |
Symfony | http://www.symfony.com/ |
Meld | http://meldmerge.org/ |
Haxe | http://haxe.org/ |
FreeSWITCH | http://www.freeswitch.org/ |
Geany | http://geany.org/ |
collectd | http://collectd.org/ |
Gramps | http://gramps-project.org |
phpBB Forum Software | http://www.phpbb.com/ |
HAProxy | http://www.haproxy.org/ |
fail2ban | http://www.fail2ban.org/wiki/index.php/Main_Page |
NumPy | http://numpy.scipy.org |
Scala | http://www.scala-lang.org/ |
dpkg | http://wiki.debian.org/Teams/Dpkg/ |
Nette Framework | http://nette.org |
Inkscape | http://www.inkscape.org |
Phing | http://www.phing.info/ |
jBPM | http://jbpm.org |
JBoss Drools | http://www.jboss.org/drools |
Bitbake | http://developer.berlios.de/projects/bitbake/ |
Zotero | http://www.zotero.org/ |
Lutece | http://www.lutece.paris.fr |
OTRS | http://www.otrs.com/ |
Sage: Open Source Mathematics Software | http://sagemath.org |
Rockbox | http://rockbox.org |
Liferay Portal | http://liferay.com |
TYPO3 CMS | http://typo3.org |
Vala | http://live.gnome.org/Vala |
pylint | http://pylint.org |
The LLVM Compiler Infrastructure | http://llvm.org/ |
libvirt | http://libvirt.org |
TinyMCE | http://tinymce.moxiecode.com |
Django | http://www.djangoproject.com/ |
PHPUnit | http://www.phpunit.de/ |
OpenStreetMap | http://www.openstreetmap.org/ |
SymPy | http://sympy.org |
Xen Project (Hypervisor) | http://www.xenproject.org |
Eclipse Mylyn | http://www.eclipse.org/mylyn/ |
PHP_CodeSniffer | http://pear.php.net/package/PHP_CodeSniffer |
Sakai LMS (core) | http://www.sakaiproject.org/ |
Spring Framework | http://github.com/SpringSource/spring-framework |
Joomla! | http://www.joomla.org/ |
Marble | http://edu.kde.org/marble/ |
LXDE | http://lxde.org |
Pygments | http://pygments.org/ |
OpenLayers | http://openlayers.org/ |
The MacPorts Project | http://www.macports.org/ |
calibre | http://calibre-ebook.com/ |
Grails | http://grails.org |
Alfresco Content Management | http://www.alfresco.com |
util-linux | https://github.com/karelzak/util-linux |
jQuery | http://jquery.com/ |
Vaadin | http://vaadin.com/ |
Cython | http://www.cython.org/ |
Dojo Toolkit | http://dojotoolkit.org/ |
MediaWiki | https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/MediaWiki |
Second Life Viewer | http://www.secondlife.com/ |
Munin | http://munin-monitoring.org/ |
Odoo | https://www.odoo.com |
Mozilla Calendar | http://www.mozilla.org/projects/calendar/ |
KDevelop | http://kdevelop.org/ |
ZNC | http://znc.in |
Werkzeug | http://werkzeug.pocoo.org/ |
cppcheck | http://cppcheck.sourceforge.net/ |
Wicket Stuff | http://wicketstuff.org |
Drush | http://drupal.org/project/drush |
Sphinx documentation builder | http://sphinx-doc.org/ |
Piwik | http://piwik.org |
JDownloader | http://www.jdownloader.org |
SeaMonkey | http://www.seamonkey-project.org/ |
Empathy | http://live.gnome.org/Empathy |
SilverStripe | http://www.silverstripe.org |
PulseAudio | http://pulseaudio.org |
LLVM/Clang C family frontend | http://clang.llvm.org/ |
Pylons | http://pylonsproject.org |
MongoDB | http://www.mongodb.org/ |
Mockito | https://github.com/mockito/mockito |
Doctrine | http://www.doctrine-project.org |
Pacman | http://www.archlinux.org/pacman/ |
MAME - Multiple Arcade Machine Emulator | http://mamedev.org/ |
Rubinius | http://rubini.us/ |
Apache Camel | http://camel.apache.org/ |
OpenJDK | http://openjdk.java.net/ |
Buildbot | http://buildbot.net/trac |
MPD | http://sourceforge.net/projects/musicpd |
Tracker | http://projects.gnome.org/tracker/ |
org-mode | http://orgmode.org |
Sass | http://sass-lang.com/ |
WPA/WPA2/IEEE 802.1X Supplicant | http://hostap.epitest.fi/wpa_supplicant/ |
Go programming language | http://golang.org/ |
Apache CouchDB | http://couchdb.apache.org/ |
Qt 4 | http://qt-project.org/ |
Apache CXF | http://cxf.apache.org/ |
CakePHP | http://cakephp.org |
CKeditor WYSIWYG editor | http://ckeditor.com/ |
SciPy | http://www.scipy.org |
gitg | http://trac.novowork.com/gitg/ |
Banshee | http://banshee-project.org |
OGRE | http://www.ogre3d.org |
Chromium (Google Chrome) | http://code.google.com/chromium/ |
Gradle | http://www.gradle.org/ |
Netty Project | http://netty.io/ |
Sinatra | http://www.sinatrarb.com |
Chef | http://www.opscode.com/chef |
Gerrit Code Review | http://code.google.com/p/gerrit |
GNOME Shell | http://live.gnome.org/GnomeShell |
Git Extensions | http://code.google.com/p/gitextensions |
Qt Creator | http://qt-project.org/ |
Kohana v3 | http://kohanaframework.org/ |
Android | http://www.android.com |
JUnit | http://www.junit.org |
PCSX2 | http://pcsx2.net/ |
Shotwell | https://wiki.gnome.org/Apps/Shotwell |
Redis | http://redis.io/ |
Cassandra | http://cassandra.apache.org/ |
PhoneGap | http://phonegap.com/ |
Trinity Core | http://www.trinitycore.org |
Icinga | http://www.icinga.org |
CyanogenMod | http://www.cyanogenmod.com/ |
Rygel | http://live.gnome.org/Rygel |
QEMU | http://www.qemu.org/ |
Trinity Core2 | http://www.trinitycore.org |
Pitivi | http://github.com/jhoolmans |
Openfire | http://www.igniterealtime.org/projects/openfire/ |
Apache Hadoop | http://hadoop.apache.org/core/ |
akka | http://akka.io |
JGit | http://www.eclipse.org/jgit/ |
Homebrew | https://github.com/Homebrew/homebrew-apache |
Oh My Zsh | http://github.com/robbyrussell/oh-my-zsh |
ehcache | http://www.ehcache.org/ |
EGit | http://www.eclipse.org/egit/ |
node.js (NodeJs) | http://nodejs.org |
Thunar | http://www.xfce.org |
Selenium | http://seleniumhq.org/ |
Arquillian | http://jboss.org/arquillian |
Erlang | http://www.erlang.org |
YUI | http://yuilibrary.com/ |
Gunicorn | http://gunicorn.org |
CoffeeScript | http://www.coffeescript.org/ |
Clementine Music Player | https://github.com/clementine-player/Clementine |
scikit learn | http://scikit-learn.org |
Processing | http://processing.org/ |
Vagrant | http://vagrantup.com/ |
Qt 5 | http://www.qt-project.org/ |
Yii PHP Framework | http://www.yiiframework.com |
Zend Framework | http://framework.zend.com/ |
Apache Spark | http://spark.apache.org |
Flask | http://flask.pocoo.org/ |
OsmAnd | http://www.osmand.net |
ownCloud | http://ownCloud.org |
Open Computer Vision Library (OpenCV) | http://opencv.org/ |
phpDocumentor | http://www.phpdoc.org |
IPython | http://ipython.org/ |
RSpec | http://rspec.info/ |
OpenStack | http://www.openstack.org/ |
OpenStack Nova | https://launchpad.net/nova |
Apache CloudStack | https://github.com/apache/incubator-cloudstack |
AngularJS | http://angularjs.org/ |
GWT (formerly Google Web Toolkit) | https://github.com/google-web-toolkit/gwt |
Facter | http://puppetlabs.com/puppet/related-projects/facter/ |
salt | http://saltstack.org |
jMonkey Engine | http://jmonkeyengine.org |
Puppet | http://puppetlabs.com/puppet/ |
Play! framework | http://www.playframework.org/ |
Elasticsearch | http://www.elasticsearch.com |
Bootstrap (Twitter) | http://twitter.github.com/bootstrap/ |
Apache OpenOffice | http://www.openoffice.org/ |
GlassFish | https://glassfish.dev.java.net/ |
Propel | http://propelorm.org |
JabRef | http://jabref.sourceforge.net |
CodeIgniter | http://www.codeigniter.com/ |
GNOME Boxes | http://live.gnome.org/Boxes |
GitLab | https://www.gitlab.com/gitlab-ce/ |
TiddlyWiki | http://www.tiddlywiki.org |
Fish shell | https://github.com/fish-shell/fish-shell |
Ansible | http://ansible.com |
Simple Machines Forum | http://www.simplemachines.org/ |
FontForge | http://www.fontforge.org |
libgdx | http://libgdx.badlogicgames.com |
py-pandas | http://pandas.sourceforge.net/ |
javascript | https://github.com/airbnb/javascript |
EasyTAG | https://wiki.gnome.org/Apps/EasyTAG |
docker | http://docker.io |
Capistrano | http://capistranorb.com/ |